Conventional farming manages resource inputs (i.e., fertilizer, irrigation water, amendments, pesticides) uniformly, ignoring the naturally inherent spatial heterogeneity of soil and crop conditions between and within fields. The uniform application of inputs results in over and under applications of resources.

Greenhouse farming is the unique farm practice of growing crops within sheltered structures covered by a transparent, or partially transparent, material. The main purpose of greenhouses is to provide favorable growing conditions and to protect crops from unfavorable weather and various pests. 

Hydroponic farming is a strategy for developing plants utilizing mineral supplement arrangements, in water, without soil. Hydroponic agriculture manages the creation of supplements in the fluid performance used to water the plants. It likewise contains the recurrence of providing the supplements to the plants. Just hydroponic cultivation controls the developing climate of the plants.